
41
RU
cod. 3540S430 - 11/2009 (Rev. 00)
3.2 Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɬɥɚɦ ɫ "ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ". Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ,ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ.ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ,ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ
ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ,ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ.Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ,ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(ɨɤɫɢɞɵ), ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.
ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɵɥɶ,ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ.ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɢ ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ,ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
3.3 Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ,ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ,ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ
ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ,ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɦɟɲɤɢ,ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ
ɤɪɚɧɵ.Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ 20 °C.
Bɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɨɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ,ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ
ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ,ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 13.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Bɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɚɤ,ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɭɛɵ,ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ,ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 25° Fr, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ,ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ,ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ.ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ (ɫ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ)ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɤɭɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɥɢɜ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,ɧɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɣ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1 ɛɚɪ.ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ (ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜ)ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ,ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1,5 - 2
ɛɚɪ.
3.4 ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ
Bɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ,ɱɬɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
Ƚɚɡ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɭ (ɫɦ.ɪɢɫ. 13) ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ,ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ
ɲɥɚɧɝɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ.Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ.ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ,ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ,
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɢ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ;ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɵ.
BɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
3.5 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ 230 ȼ - 50 Ƚɰ .
B
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ iɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ.ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ,ɦɨɝɭɳɢɣ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ,ɱɬɨ ȼɚɲɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ,ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ,ɱɬɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ȼɚɲɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ.
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɨɦ,ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɫɦ.ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ
sez. 5.5
). Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ,ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɦɢ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3 ɦɦ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɚɤɫ.ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɦ 3A. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ (ɎȺɁȺ:ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ /
ɇȿɃɌɊȺɅɖ:ɫɢɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ / ɁȿɆɅə:ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ,ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ,ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.2. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ,ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ "Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ".
ɪɢɫ.2 - Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
A
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ 2 ɫɚɦɨɧɚɪɟɡɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ.
B
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ,ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ;ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɵɲɤɭ,
ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɜ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ.
C
Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɥɢɬɤɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
D
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ,
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ,ɪɟɥɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,ɤɨɥɛɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40 ɫɦ.ɨɬ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ
(ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ.3
).
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
A
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
B
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
C
ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40 ɫɦ
ɪɢɫ.3 - ɉɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ
3.6 ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɤ ɞɵɦɨɨɬɜɨɞɭ
Ɍɪɭɛɚ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ,ɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɱɟɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɬɹɝɢ.ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɬɹɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɞɬɢ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,5 ɦɟɬɪɚ.Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɞɵɦɨɯɨɞɨɜ
ɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ.
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɯɨɦɭɬɨɜ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɹɝɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
.
A
B
C
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